An exposed single skin masonry wall such as a concrete tilt slab internally insulated with a foil faced rigid thermoset PIR insulation. The insulation is mechanically fixed directly to the interior face of the masonry, with minimal thermal bridging, and must be taped and sealed to form a continuous air and vapour barrier preventing internal moisture vapour from condensing on masonry at below dew point temperature. This solution is often used as a compromise where external insulation is not an option. As the PIR insulation is deemed combustible, this solution can only ever be used in type A or B construction is approved as part of a fire engineered performance solution.

A double brick wall insulated with a highly moisture resistant rigid XPS insulation board installed on the outer face of the in inner leaf of masonry, held in place by brick ties to maintain a cavity.

A double brick wall insulated with a thermoset rigid and reflective PIR insulation board installed on the outer face of the in inner leaf of masonry, held in place by brick ties to maintain a cavity.

Lightweight timber framed wall construction is a common construction system particularly for residential construction.

Lightweight steel framed wall construction is a common construction system particularly for commercial construction.

These wall systems include load bearing, reinforced, hollow, composite and post tensioned masonry walls.